Controls on the development of continuous gullies: A 60 year monitoring study in the Moldavian Plateau of Romania

Gully erosion is a major environmental threat on the Moldavian Plateau (MP) of eastern Romania. The permanent gully systems consist two main types. These are: (1) discontinuous gullies, which are mostly located hillslopes and (2) large continuous gullies in valley bottoms. Very few studies have investigated evolution over medium to longer term. objective this study was quantitatively analyse development six decades (1961–2020). article aimed at predicting temporal patterns head based field data from multiple gullies. Fourteen representative were selected near town Barlad, most them having catchment areas < 500 ha. Linear retreat (LGHR) areal growth (AGG) rates quantified for decades. Two periods distinguished compared (i.e., wet 1961–1980 period drier 1981–2020 period). Results indicate that significantly decreased since 1981. mean LGHR 7.7 m yr?1 60 years accompanied by AGG 213 m2 yr?1. However, between 1961 1980 4.0 times larger 5.9 more those 1981–2020. regression models annual precipitation depth (P) primary controlling factor, explaining 57% 53% rate. contributing area (CA) follows, with ~33%. Only 43% total change 46% results rainfall-induced runoff during warm season. Accordingly, cold season (with associated freeze–thaw processes snowmelt runoff) has impact development. pattern, when flow enters trunk head, largely controlled upper approaching gully.